Conditionals

global-bsenior post on September 22nd, 2014

Click the picture to do study the theory!

Οι Υποθετικοί λόγοι αποτελούνται από δύο μέρη: την υπόθεση (if…) και την απόδοση (κύρια πρόταση)

Όταν προηγείται η υπόθεση, τότε οι προτάσεις χωρίζονται με κόμμα. Όταν όμως προηγείται η απόδοση, δεν χρειάζεται κόμμα.

 

Conditionals
Type Form Use Examples
Zero Conditional If + Simple Present ⇒ Simple Present

general truths (γενικές αλήθειες)

result of facts (συνήθη αποτελέσματα πράξεων)

If you heat ice, it melts.

If I have a headache, I take an aspirin.          

1st Conditional

If + Simple Present ⇒ Simple Future

If + Simple Present    can / may + infinitive

If + Simple Present ⇒ Imperative (προστακτική)

possible future events (κάτι που είναι πιθανό να συμβεί στο παρόν ή το μέλλον)

If John looks for a job, he will find one.

If John looks for a job, he may find one.

If you see Kevin, (don't) tell him about the meeting.

2nd Conditional If + Simple Past ⇒      would / could / might + infinitive

impossible, imaginary, unreal events in the present or future (κάτι που είναι απίθανο να συμβεί στο παρόν ή το μέλλον)

advice (συμβουλές) – χρησιμοποιούμε "were" για όλα τα πρόσωπα (If I were, you were, he were, etc)

If we had a lot of money, we would / could / might buy a yacht.

If I were you, I would see a doctor.

3rd Conditional If + Past Perfect Simple ⇒ would / could / might + have + past participle (3η στήλη) impossible, imaginary, unreal events in the past (κάτι που ήταν απραγματοποίητο στο παρελθόν, ή για να δείξουμε ότι μετανιώνουμε για κάτι που έγινε στο παρελθόν) If I had gone to the station earlier, I would / could / might have caught the train.

 

Note

► Στη θέση του "if not" (if + άρνηση) μπορούμε να χρησιμοποιήσουμε το "unless" (= if not, αν δεν). Προσέχουμε ότι το unless έχει αρνητική σημασία και άρα δεν χρησιμοποιείται σε αρνητικές προτάσεις.

If you don't study, you won't pass the exam = Unless you study, you won't pass the exam.

 

► Στην υπόθεση, στη θέση του "if" μπορούμε να χρησιμοποιήσουμε:

providing (that), provided (that) = με τον όρο ότι

I will lend you the car if you drive carefully. = I will lend you the car providing that you drive carefully.

 

► Στην υπόθεση, στη θέση του "if" μπορούμε να χρησιμοποιήσουμε:

as long as = εφόσον, με την προϋπόθεση ότι

If we finish early, we can have dinner out. = As long as we finish early, we can have dinner out.

 

Note

If and When can be used in similar sentences, but with a difference in meaning

If I see Mary, I will tell her the news. (not 100% certain that I will see her)

When I see Mary, I will tell her the news. (I will definitely see her)

 

Compare

Conditional Reality / Meaning

Zero

If I need money, I ask my mum.

If I need money, I usually ask my mum.

1st

If I need money, I will ask my mum.

If I need money, it's possible that I will ask my mum.

2nd

If I needed money, I would ask my mum.

I don't need money, so I won't ask my mum.

3rd

If I had needed money, I would have asked my mum.

I didn't need money, so I didn't ask my mum.

 


Click the pictures to do some clubefl quizzes!

           

     

 


Time for practice

theory quiz 1     theory quiz 2     theory quiz 3

ex1 match     ex2 choose     ex3 choose     ex4 choose     ex5 write     ex6 choose    

ex7 fill in     ex8 fill in     if & when     if or unless

which conditional ex1     which conditional ex2    

transformation ex1     transformation ex2

 


Time for games

Rally game     basketball game     captain game     football game    

game show     target game     pirate game      multiple choice game 

Billionaire game      darts game      fling the teacher

if & when basketball game