Click the picture to do study the theory!

Οι Υποθετικοί λόγοι αποτελούνται από δύο μέρη: την υπόθεση (if…) και την απόδοση (κύρια πρόταση)
Όταν προηγείται η υπόθεση, τότε οι προτάσεις χωρίζονται με κόμμα. Όταν όμως προηγείται η απόδοση, δεν χρειάζεται κόμμα.
| Conditionals | |||||
| Type | Form | Use | Examples | ||
| Zero Conditional | If + Simple Present ⇒ Simple Present |
general truths (γενικές αλήθειες) result of facts (συνήθη αποτελέσματα πράξεων) |
If you heat ice, it melts. If I have a headache, I take an aspirin. |
||
| 1st Conditional |
If + Simple Present ⇒ Simple Future If + Simple Present ⇒ can / may + infinitive If + Simple Present ⇒ Imperative (προστακτική) |
possible future events (κάτι που είναι πιθανό να συμβεί στο παρόν ή το μέλλον) |
If John looks for a job, he will find one. If John looks for a job, he may find one. If you see Kevin, (don't) tell him about the meeting. |
||
| 2nd Conditional | If + Simple Past ⇒ would / could / might + infinitive |
impossible, imaginary, unreal events in the present or future (κάτι που είναι απίθανο να συμβεί στο παρόν ή το μέλλον) advice (συμβουλές) – χρησιμοποιούμε "were" για όλα τα πρόσωπα (If I were, you were, he were, etc) |
If we had a lot of money, we would / could / might buy a yacht. If I were you, I would see a doctor. |
||
| 3rd Conditional | If + Past Perfect Simple ⇒ would / could / might + have + past participle (3η στήλη) | impossible, imaginary, unreal events in the past (κάτι που ήταν απραγματοποίητο στο παρελθόν, ή για να δείξουμε ότι μετανιώνουμε για κάτι που έγινε στο παρελθόν) | If I had gone to the station earlier, I would / could / might have caught the train. | ||
Note
► Στη θέση του "if not" (if + άρνηση) μπορούμε να χρησιμοποιήσουμε το "unless" (= if not, αν δεν). Προσέχουμε ότι το unless έχει αρνητική σημασία και άρα δεν χρησιμοποιείται σε αρνητικές προτάσεις.
If you don't study, you won't pass the exam = Unless you study, you won't pass the exam.
► Στην υπόθεση, στη θέση του "if" μπορούμε να χρησιμοποιήσουμε:
providing (that), provided (that) = με τον όρο ότι
I will lend you the car if you drive carefully. = I will lend you the car providing that you drive carefully.
► Στην υπόθεση, στη θέση του "if" μπορούμε να χρησιμοποιήσουμε:
as long as = εφόσον, με την προϋπόθεση ότι
If we finish early, we can have dinner out. = As long as we finish early, we can have dinner out.
Note
If and When can be used in similar sentences, but with a difference in meaning
If I see Mary, I will tell her the news. (not 100% certain that I will see her)
When I see Mary, I will tell her the news. (I will definitely see her)
Compare
| Conditional | Reality / Meaning |
|
Zero If I need money, I ask my mum. |
If I need money, I usually ask my mum. |
|
1st If I need money, I will ask my mum. |
If I need money, it's possible that I will ask my mum. |
|
2nd If I needed money, I would ask my mum. |
I don't need money, so I won't ask my mum. |
|
3rd If I had needed money, I would have asked my mum. |
I didn't need money, so I didn't ask my mum. |
Click the pictures to do some clubefl quizzes!
Time for practice

theory quiz 1 theory quiz 2 theory quiz 3
ex1 match ex2 choose ex3 choose ex4 choose ex5 write ex6 choose
ex7 fill in ex8 fill in if & when if or unless
which conditional ex1 which conditional ex2
transformation ex1 transformation ex2
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